The section Therapy and Rehabilitation focuses on scientific research in the fields of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and medical rehabilitation. Key areas include the clinical effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions, biomechanical modeling of musculoskeletal functions, innovative methods for recovery after diseases and injuries, and the implementation of evidence-based medicine principles into rehabilitation practice. The section Medico-biological aspects of physical culture and human health is dedicated to fundamental and applied research on the physiological, biochemical, and morphological mechanisms of the body's adaptation to physical activity. The primary focus is on the study of biological markers of health status, genetic prerequisites for athletic performance, neurohumoral regulation of functions, and the medico-biological justification of wellness technologies. Priority is given to papers based on objective instrumental methods for assessing functional reserves and human adaptive potential. The section Physical Culture, Sport, and Recreation covers the theoretical and methodological aspects of physical education, sport science, and wellness recreation. Priority is given to research on physical education programming for diverse populations, the development of fitness technologies, athletic training and performance, as well as the psycho-pedagogical aspects of active leisure and health promotion in modern society.
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PRESERVING VASCULAR FUNCTION AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN OLDER ADULTS
Age-related changes in the vascular system are closely linked to endothelial dysfunction, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), and a decline in the adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system. Physical activity is regarded as one of the key modifiable factors capable of slowing vascular aging; however, population-based functional indicators that reflect these processes in older adults remain insufficiently explored. Research objective. This study sought to characterize the age-related profiles of the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of subjective well-being using the BBC scale. A further aim was to explore their association with an overall well-being score, posited as a functional marker pertinent to the maintenance of vascular health in older adults. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 136 relatively healthy teachers stratified by age group. Subjective well-being was assessed using the BBC methodology, which distinguishes physical, psychological, and social components. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis. The critical level of statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. Results. In the total sample, mean values were: physical component 22.16±5.49 (10–36), psychological component 41.52±8.12 (22–58), social component 19.20±4.24 (10–28), and integral indicator 83.11±13.41 (52–112). Across age groups, the physical component ranged from 21.82 to 23.60 without progressive decline in older participants. Psychological scores varied between 40.00±8.41 and 42.20±10.06, and social scores between 17.64±4.23 and 19.91±4.13. ANOVA revealed no significant inter-age differences for physical (F=1.12; p=0.35), psychological (F=0.94; p=0.44), social (F=1.03; p=0.39), or integral indicators (F=1.27; p=0.28); nonparametric analysis confirmed these findings (H=3.21-3.44; p>0.05). Spearman analysis demonstrated strong positive correlations between the physical component and the integral score (r=0.62; p<0.001), psychological and integral scores (r=0.74; p<0.001), and social and integral scores (r=0.58; p<0.001), indicating systemic integration of functional domains and preserved adaptive capacity. Conclusions. The findings indicate that the physical component of subjective well-being may be considered a functional indicator associated with the preservation of adaptive capacity and vascular regulatory function in older adults. Indicators of subjective well-being appear to be relevant functional markers of processes related to endothelial function and NO-dependent vascular regulation, even in the absence of clinically significant cardiovascular pathology.
SOME PROBLEMATIC ISSUES IN VALIDATING RESEARCH IN SPORTS MEDICINE
Introduction. Sports medicine plays a crucial role in preserving athletes' health and achieving high athletic performance, which necessitates increased requirements for scientific and methodological support of the training process and recovery. However, terminological ambiguity and methodological problems persist in domestic sports medicine, particularly insufficient consideration of the characteristics of the studied cohort, which complicates the interpretation of results and may lead to erroneous conclusions. The aim of the study to identify and analyze terminological and methodological inconsistencies in domestic scientific publications on sports medicine in order to standardize research and improve the comparability of their results. Material and methods. Based on the search and analysis of scientific publications on sports medicine in domestic and foreign peer-reviewed journals, as well as in specialized scientific and sports medical literature from 1966 to 2025, a critical analysis was conducted on problematic issues related to the use of certain specific terms in sports medicine, research on Masters category athletes, and the assessment of morphometric parameters. The search and analysis involved the use of concepts such as «trained» or «untrained», «successful» or «unsuccessful» athletes; the concept of «sprinter»; randomization of research among veteran athletes; and the use of morphometric parameters. Results. Systemic terminological inconsistencies were identified in domestic sports medicine publications. Incorrect use of the term «untrained individuals» for persons who do not engage in sports was established; the appropriateness of applying this term exclusively to athletes in a state of detraining was substantiated, while for control groups the term «individuals who do not engage in sports» is recommended. The dichotomous classification of athletes as «successful» or «unsuccessful» was recognized as methodologically insufficient, as it does not account for the multifactorial nature of athletic performance and requires evaluation of competitive indicators over training periods. The definition of an «elite» athlete is characterized by the absence of internationally standardized criteria, which complicates the comparison of research results. In studies of veteran athletes, the necessity of correct formation of comparison groups taking into account sport, sex, sports qualification, distance, and weight category was emphasized. The absence of a unified definition of «sprinter» was established; comparisons between sprinters from different sports require consideration of competition duration and dominant metabolic systems. Significant limitations of traditional anthropometric indices (Quetelet, Pignet) for assessing physical development of athletes were identified due to their inability to account for sport-specific body composition and high muscle mass. Conclusions. The work emphasizes attention to and indicates directions for resolving certain problematic issues regarding the use of terminology, conceptual framework, and organization of research in sports medicine.
NON-SPECIFIC EXERCISES AND FEATURES IN THE TRAINING OF ELITE PARALYMPIC POWERLIFTERS
Introduction. Paralympic powerlifting, which focuses on the bench press, poses unique challenges for athletes with lower-limb impairments. These athletes lack the leg drive and stable lower-body support of able-bodied lifters, leading to greater reliance on upper-body musculature and increased spinal stress during training and competition. The aim. This research aimed to develop and implement technical aids and non-specific (supplemental) exercises to enable a harmonious distribution of load, activate stabilizer muscles, and minimize compressive pressure on the musculoskeletal system of elite para-powerlifters. Materials and Methods. A biomechanical experiment was conducted with 24 elite athletes (including Paralympians and able-bodied Olympic-level lifters) to compare the standard bench press versus the RS-supported bench press. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to assess barbell trajectory and calculate spinal compressive forces, while surface electromyography (EMG) measured stabilizer muscle activation. Participants also performed a variety of auxiliary exercises (over 30 variations) with the RS bar to evaluate its versatility, and they provided subjective feedback on stability and comfort. Results. Bench press movements with a standard bar exhibited a diagonally inclined bar path (~4–5° from vertical), necessitating continuous compensatory engagement of stabilizer muscles and contributing to heightened spinal compression. When using the RS bar, the bar path angle was reduced by ~56% (from 4.8° ± 1.2° to 2.1° ± 0.7°, p < 0.05), indicating a more vertical and stable trajectory. The RS device significantly decreased the average peak compressive force on the thoracolumbar spine by approximately 20% (from ~4450 ± 380 N to 3550 ± 290 N, p < 0.01), as confirmed by both dynamic measurements and mathematical modeling. Stabilizer muscle involvement was markedly higher with the RS: EMG monitoring showed a ~35% increase in deep stabilizer muscle activation (58.3 ± 6.7 µV vs 43.2 ± 5.1 µV with standard bar, p < 0.01). On average, 9–11 muscles were actively engaged using RS versus 6–7 with the standard bar. Athletes reported improved perceived stability and reduced spinal pressure when using the RS bar – subjective stability ratings rose by ~42% (8.7 ± 1.0 vs 6.1 ± 1.3 on a 10-point scale, p < 0.01). Additionally, 87% of participants noted a clear reduction in spinal loading sensation with the RS. (5) The RS device expanded the training exercise repertoire, offering over 30 exercise variations (versus ~12–15 with standard setups), thereby allowing greater diversity in training stimuli and minimizing monotony. Conclusions. Incorporating the RS multifunctional bar in elite Paralympic powerlifting training leads to a more even distribution of load and significantly reduces harmful spinal compression. The device enhances neuromuscular engagement of trunk stabilizer muscles and provides greater training variety, which can improve athlete responsiveness and reduce risk of overuse injuries. These outcomes align with contemporary sports science approaches that emphasize core stability, functional strength, and innovative training aids to improve performance and safety. The findings suggest that the RS bar and its associated exercise program can be a valuable addition to the training of Paralympic powerlifters, helping to protect athletes’ musculoskeletal health while maximizing their strength potential.
DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL PSYCHOPHYSICAL QUALITIES OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally verify the effectiveness of developing special psychophysical qualities of volleyball players. The materials identify the use of the sports complex of the of National University of Water and Environmental Engineering (NUWEE, Rivne) and the Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky (VSPU, Vinnytsia). The pedagogical experiment involved 24 volleyball players aged 17–20, who were divided into two groups: experimental (EG) and control (CG). The EG consisted of 12 athletes from the NUWEE (Rivne), whose training process was supplemented with specialized exercises aimed at developing psychophysical qualities. The CG consisted of 12 volleyball players from the VSPU (Vinnytsia), who trained according to the usual training program. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, generalization of advanced coaching experience, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics. The results obtained made it possible to determine the significance and features of the development of special psychophysical qualities of volleyball players in modern conditions of training and competitive activity. The role of speed-strength qualities, coordination of movements, special endurance and reaction speed in ensuring the effectiveness of game activity is analyzed. The influence of specialized training tools on the development of these qualities in the process of sports training is studied. The results of the pedagogical experiment are presented and complexes of special exercises with appropriate dosages, adapted to the playing roles of volleyball players, are proposed. Experimental verification of the effectiveness of the proposed method confirmed its positive impact on the development of speed and strength qualities: after the experiment, the increase in high jump performance in the experimental group was 5.9 cm, while in the control group it was only 1.9 cm. A similar positive trend was recorded in the development of coordination skills, assessed by the results of the “3×10 m shuttle run” test, which indicates the complex nature of the impact of the proposed method. Conclusions. The obtained experimental data confirm the effectiveness of the targeted development of special psychophysical qualities of volleyball players in the training process and the feasibility of using specialized exercises taking into account the specifics of game activity.
SYSTEMIC PARADIGM FOR DIAGNOSING BODY SPATIAL ORGANIZATION AS A STRUCTURAL BASIS FOR PREVENTIVE AND CORRECTIVE ACTIVITIES IN ADULTS
Introduction. In the contemporary scientific paradigm of human morphofunctional assessment, a systemic approach is increasingly recognized as essential, allowing the integration of multi-level research results into a holistic model for evaluating and correcting body spatial organization. The spatial organization of the body in middle-aged adults is conceptualized as a multi-component biomechanical system, shaped by the interaction of morphological, functional, and neuromuscular regulatory mechanisms. Within this system, posture serves as an integral indicator of musculoskeletal status, reflecting the degree of harmony in the functional interplay of its structural units. Objective. To theoretically substantiate a systemic paradigm for diagnosing body spatial organization in middle-aged adults and to determine its structural-functional role in the architectonics of preventive and corrective interventions aimed at optimizing postural status and enhancing musculoskeletal functional stability. Methods. The study employed theoretical analysis and synthesis of literature sources, photographic posture assessment, and statistical data analysis methods. Results. In middle-aged adults, the state of the biomechanical profile of posture significantly correlates with functional indicators of motor activity and segmental symmetry of the musculoskeletal system. High levels of body spatial organization are associated with optimal mobility of the hip and lumbar spine, increased endurance of abdominal muscles, and preservation of biomechanical balance, whereas medium and low levels are characterized by postural imbalances and reduced adaptive potential. The application of a systemic diagnostic approach enables integration of analytical and functional data for the development of differentiated preventive and corrective programs aimed at restoring biomechanical equilibrium and enhancing the efficiency of motor activity. Conclusions. The established systemic paradigm for body spatial organization diagnostics provides precise explication of the biomechanical profile and validation of diagnostic markers. Identified indicators determine the transition from general health-oriented approaches to high-tech musculoskeletal restitution algorithms. The implemented control-assessment framework ensures iterative cyclicality and adaptive responsiveness of the system, with permanent monitoring mechanisms guaranteeing adequacy of biomechanical responses to programmed loads. Practical implementation of the paradigm initiates a cascade of morphofunctional regeneration, transforming passive postural structures into a dynamically stable, energy-efficient system capable of autonomously maintaining biomechanical homeostasis.
SENSORIMOTOR REACTIONS AND SEGMENTAL BODY COMPOSITION IN ESPORTS ATHLETES, IT SPECIALISTS, AND UNTRAINED INDIVIDUALS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Introduction. Reaction time is a common psychophysiological indicator of sensorimotor efficiency and information-processing speed. Its variability may reflect not only the stability of cognitive and motor components, but also response strategies. Body composition, as an integral marker of somatic and metabolic status, is increasingly considered a potential factor of neurocognitive performance. Purpose. To examine sensorimotor responses in relation to segmental body composition parameters in men with different activity profiles (esports athletes, IT specialists, and untrained individuals). Materials and methods. 41 men aged 17–25 years were examined: esports athletes (n=14), IT specialists (n=13), and untrained individuals (n=14). Simple visual–motor reaction (SVMR), one-of-three choice reaction (CR1–3), and two-of-three choice reaction (CR2–3) were assessed using the “Diagnost-1” system. Segmental body composition (fat percentage, fat mass, fat-free mass, predicted muscle mass) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Data are presented as Me [25%; 75%]; Shapiro–Wilk, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman correlation were applied. Results. In esports athletes, a greater fat component was associated with higher variability of CR1–3 (lower stability of simple choice responding). Higher fat-free and predicted muscle mass were linked to a longer motor component of SVMR and greater CR1–3 variability, but to shorter latency and lower variability of CR2–3, indicating faster and more stable performance in complex choice tasks and suggesting group-specific structural–functional relationships. In IT specialists, a greater fat component was associated with higher SVMR variability, whereas higher fat-free and predicted muscle mass were associated with reduced CR2–3 variability (greater stability of complex choice responding). In untrained men, fat-free and predicted muscle mass were not related to psychophysiological measures; a greater fat component was associated with a longer motor component of SVMR and CR1–3. Conclusions. Group-specific associations between body composition and sensorimotor responding were identified, which may support differentiated functional assessment and individualized preventive/corrective approaches in men with different activity profiles.
GENETIC MARKERS IN INDIVIDUAL PREDICTION OF PULLET SHOOTING
Aim. The study is dedicated to identifying specific dermatoglyphic genetic markers that determine an individual's predisposition to various types of bullet shooting. The goal is to provide a scientific justification for using individual morphogenetic indicators to enhance the efficiency of the sports selection system at the stages of elite athletic excellence. Materials and Methods. The scientific study involved 45 elite athletes who are members of the national team of Ukraine in bullet shooting. The sample included Honored Masters of Sports (HMS) and Masters of Sports of International Class (MSIC). The experimental group was divided by specialization: pistol shooters (13 men and 15 women) and rifle shooters (10 men and 7 women). The research was conducted at the Lviv Shooting Complex. The finger dermatoglyphics method (analysis of qualitative pattern types and quantitative ridge counting) was used for data collection. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Pearson correlation analysis to establish relationships between genetic markers and competitive performance. Results. During the experimental work, it was established that elite shooters are characterized by specific combinations of dermatoglyphic features. In the female pistol group, the dominant pattern type is the loop (U), with a frequency of 33%. For this category, optimal quantitative parameters were determined: ridge count on the right hand (RC III >17, RC IV >24, RC V >17) and on the left hand (RC IV >21, RC V >17), with a total ridge count of the left hand exceeding 102 and a delta index (DI) of over 14 deltas. For men specializing in pistol shooting, the whorl type (W) prevails at 43.3%, with a recorded low ridge count on the first finger of the right hand (<36), a total right-hand count <149, and a DI <12. For the "rifle" specialization, different patterns were revealed: women are characterized by the whorl type (W – 40%), while for men, the radial loop (R) is most common, reaching a prevalence of 39.3%. The identified models allow for individual performance prediction in specific exercises with high accuracy. Conclusions. The existence of a stable correlation between dermatoglyphic indicators and the performance of shooters has been proven. The highest level of correlation was found in female pistol shooters on the V finger of the left hand (r=0.701) and in men on the I finger of the right hand (r=-0.846). Average correlation levels were recorded for the delta index (r=0.666) and total ridge count (r=0.622 for women and r=0.698 for men). The results obtained can be used as an objective model for selecting young talents, minimizing errors in professional orientation in bullet shooting and ensuring the stability of sports results in the future.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN WOMEN OF THE SECOND PERIOD OF ADULTHOOD BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT FEATURES
The contemporary epistemological landscape in the field of anthropocentric sciences necessitates a radical revision of methodological approaches within the theoretical and methodological framework of physical education and ontokinesiology. This discourse is characterized by a pronounced vector toward interdisciplinary convergence, where the integrity of an individual's biomechanical and somatic status becomes the object of scientific reflection. Within this paradigm, the prolongation of the structural and functional homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system in women during the second period of mature age is transformed into a fundamental scientific imperative. This is necessitated by the need for systemic mitigation of the destructive manifestations of heterochronic involution, which clinically manifests through the degradation of kinesiological potential and the imbalance of postural architectonics. The aim of the study is to experimentally verify the effectiveness of corrective and preventive measures for women aged 36–45 with various postural types, based on a comprehensive analysis of functional movement characteristics. Methods. The study involved a comprehensive examination of 27 women in the second period of adulthood. The research design was grounded in the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and incorporated Functional Movement Screen (FMS), photogrammetric postural analysis, a pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The current study focuses not on the description of the programmatic components of corrective intervention, but on the scientifically grounded generalization of the results of their practical approbation. This approach elucidates the mechanisms for optimizing motor potential, enhancing the functional quality of movement, and improving the adaptive-compensatory capacities of the musculoskeletal system. The positive dynamics of the functional movement screening indicate the effectiveness of the proposed set of corrective and preventive measures, implemented with consideration for individual morphofunctional characteristics. The findings confirm its capacity to optimize movement patterns, enhance intersegmental coordination, and improve control in positions critical for the spine and joints. Conclusions. The aggregate of the obtained empirical data allows for the conceptualization of the proposed corrective and preventive measures, integrated into systematic health-oriented fitness sessions, as a scientifically substantiated, methodologically verified, and effective tool for correcting postural abnormalities and optimizing motor activity in women aged 36–45. This substantiates the expediency of their implementation into the practice of health-recreational programs for this demographic group.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATE AMONG FEMALE MILITARY PERSONNEL
The article presents the results of a comprehensive study examining the psychoemotional state of female military students at a higher military educational institution who have lived in Kyiv for over a year. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between indicators of the psychoemotional state and cardiovascular function in the context of professional activities. The main methods used in the study included theoretical, sociological, physiological, heart rate variability measurement, and mathematical statistics. Results. An analysis of the results from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale survey revealed characteristics of depression symptoms among female military personnel. The median depression level was 10 points, corresponding to a moderate level of depression symptoms, with high individual variability in the results (V = 42.9 %). Symptoms of depression of varying intensity were observed in 51.6% of respondents, including moderate symptoms in 41.9% and severe depression in 9.7%. The median sleepiness score was 9 points, indicating a higher than average level. Moreover, 61.3% of servicewomen had abnormal scores that significantly exceeded the established norm. The median anxiety level was 7 points, corresponding to mild anxiety. Meanwhile, 6.4% of individuals had a high level of anxiety. Heart rate variability measurements showed decreased activity of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system in servicewomen. The median values of 31.9 ms for the RMSSD and 9.8% for the pNN50 were at the lower limit of the physiological norm. These values indicate strain on adaptive mechanisms and decreased regenerative potential. Additionally, sympathetic influences were dominant, as evidenced by the higher median value (0.64 arb.un.) of the low-frequency component of the heart rate spectrum than the high-frequency component (0.36 arb.un.). A reduction in total heart rate spectral power indicates limited functional reserves of regulatory systems and decreased adaptive capabilities of the body in response to increased psychoemotional stress. The orthostatic test results showed a moderate cardiovascular response in most subjects, with a median heart rate increase of 18.0 bpm. Correlation analysis revealed a direct relationship between depression and sleepiness (r = 0.627, p < 0.001) and inverse relationships with parasympathetic nervous system activity indicators, particularly RMSSD (r = -0.388, p < 0.05) and pNN50 (r = -0.493, p < 0.01). These results confirm the relationship between psychoemotional state and functional reserves of the cardiovascular system. Conclusions. The results confirm the importance of conducting comprehensive studies on the psychoemotional state and indicate close relationships between most of the indicators. Identified signs of strain on adaptive mechanisms and sympathetic dominance underscores the relevance of managing the psychoemotional state through health-enhancing fitness in order to maintain health.
PREPARATION OF REHABILITATION STUDENTS FOR THE VOCATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY TEST USING THE CLIL METHODOLOGY
Purpose – to study the influence of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) on the preparation of rehabilitation students for the KROK 1 examination. Material. The article considers the application of the CLIL methodology in the process of preparing students of the specialty I7 «Therapy and Rehabilitation» for the Unified State Qualification Exam (USQE), the test component of which is: the integrated test exam Krok 1. The theoretical foundations of subject-language integrated learning are determined and its potential in the formation of foreign language communicative competence of future specialists is analyzed. Results. The authors emphasize the combination of language and professional components of the educational process, which contributes to the development of critical thinking, cognitive skills and an increase in the level of readiness for testing. Particular attention is paid to the role of Latin language as a basic element of medical terminology and an important tool for interlingual integration. The possibilities of implementing binary classes that combine teaching English, Latin and specialized disciplines are considered, which ensures the integrity of the educational process and forms professional and cultural competence in students. It is shown that the use of CLIL in preparation for the Krok 1 increases motivation for learning, promotes mastery of international terminology, expands access to world sources of information and forms the ability to work in a multicultural environment. Practical examples of implementing the methodology are described: creating terminological dictionaries, working with clinical cases in English and testing and using multimedia resources. The experience of academic mobility of students is summarized, which confirms the effectiveness of the subject-language integrated approach in medical education. Conclusions. CLIL integration in language preparation for the Krok 1 exam contributes not only to the qualitative acquisition of knowledge, but also to the formation of professional mobility and competitiveness of future rehabilitation specialists in the international educational space.
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF THE MODJAW DIGITAL SYSTEM IN FUNCTIONAL DENTAL REHABILITATION
The aim of this narrative review was to analyze current evidence on the clinical application of the MODJAW digital jaw-tracking system and related dynamic technologies, with a focus on their diagnostic value, accuracy, limitations, and perspectives for integration into contemporary dental practice. Materials and Methods. A narrative review of the literature published between 2013 and 2025 was conducted using PubMed, MDPI, DOAJ, Ovid, and Google Scholar databases. The search strategy included the following keywords: MODJAW, jaw tracking system dentistry, mandibular kinematics, digital occlusion movement tracker, virtual articulator movement, and 4D dentistry. Eligible publications included clinical studies, in vitro accuracy assessments, comparative analyses with conventional articulators, and review articles addressing dynamic jaw tracking and virtual articulation systems. Results. The analysis demonstrated that the implementation of dynamic jaw-tracking systems represents a paradigm shift from static occlusal analysis toward functional evaluation of mandibular kinematics. The MODJAW system showed high precision and repeatability in recording mandibular movements, with accuracy comparable to industrial-grade three-dimensional scanning systems when standardized calibration protocols were applied. Multiple studies confirmed reliable hinge-axis identification and reproducible condylar pathway registration, independent of bite registration materials. Clinically, dynamic jaw tracking enabled improved assessment of excursive movements, condylar guidance, and occlusal contact distribution during functional activities such as mastication. Compared with conventional mechanical and static virtual articulators, MODJAW provided superior visualization of complex mandibular trajectories and facilitated early identification of functional disturbances, including eccentric bruxism and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. In orthodontics, measurable differences in mandibular kinematics across skeletal classes supported individualized treatment planning. In prosthodontics, enhanced accuracy of virtual articulation was associated with a reduced risk of occlusal discrepancies and improved communication with CAD/CAM workflows through direct data export. Conclusions. The MODJAW system represents a promising tool for digital functional dental rehabilitation, offering objective real-time assessment of mandibular kinematics beyond static articulation. Current evidence suggests that dynamic digital articulators enhance diagnostic accuracy and support personalized treatment planning. However, successful clinical implementation requires further standardization, validation, and clinician training to ensure consistent and reliable use in daily practice.
ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONAL MUSCLE STRENGTH PARAMETERS IN WOUNDED MILITARY PERSONNEL WITH SARCOPENIA AND SEQUELAE OF TRANSTIBIAL AMPUTATION FOLLOWING PHYSICAL THERAPY
Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of the developed comprehensive physical therapy program based on functional strength parameters in wounded servicemen with sarcopenia and consequences of transtibial amputation of the lower limb. Material and methods. The study involved 95 male servicemen. The control group included 36 apparently healthy men aged 28.4 ± 2.7 years. The study group consisted of 59 wounded servicemen aged 30.5 ± 3.0 years with transtibial amputation and sarcopenia who were randomly divided into two subgroups. Study group 1 (SG1, n=30) underwent a standard 12-week physical therapy program aimed at stump preparation for prosthetic fitting and training in the use of a temporary prosthesis. Study group 2 (SG2, n=29) followed a developed comprehensive 12-week physical therapy program that additionally included interventions targeting sarcopenia. Patient status was assessed at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 12 weeks. Handgrip strength, deadlift strength, and isometric strength of major muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs were evaluated. Results. At baseline, wounded servicemen with transtibial amputation and sarcopenia demonstrated a pronounced reduction in strength parameters compared with the control group. The strength deficit had a generalized pattern and involved both upper and lower limbs, although it was most pronounced in the muscles of the injured lower limb (during movements in the hip and knee). During physical therapy, both study groups demonstrated positive dynamics in most strength indicators, reflecting improvement in the functional state of the muscular system. However, in the group that followed the comprehensive physical therapy program, improvements occurred earlier and were more pronounced. Already at the intermediate stage, this group more frequently demonstrated statistically significant increases in the strength of individual muscle groups, particularly in the injured lower limb. After completion of the 12-week intervention, both groups showed significant improvement in most strength parameters compared with baseline values. Nevertheless, the increase was greater in SG2 for both local muscle strength indicators of the upper and lower limbs and integral strength parameters. The most notable intergroup advantages of the comprehensive program were observed in the strength of muscles of the injured lower limb, as well as in certain indicators of handgrip and deadlift strength. These findings indicate that the inclusion of sarcopenia-targeted interventions enhances the effectiveness of physical therapy and promotes better recovery of muscle strength. Conclusions. Wounded servicemen with sarcopenia and transtibial amputation demonstrate a systemic deficit in muscle strength of both the upper and lower limbs. The developed comprehensive physical therapy program proved to be more effective than the standard rehabilitation approach, providing faster and more pronounced recovery of both local and integral strength parameters. These findings support the inclusion of sarcopenia-targeted interventions in rehabilitation programs for this category of patients.
THE "QUALITOUCH ACTIVITY INDEX" AS A PRACTICAL CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL TO MONITOR PHYSIO- AND TRAINING THERAPY: A COMPARISON WITH "PROMIS GLOBAL HEALTH 10" IN MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS
Background. From the patient's perspective, satisfaction with treatment and the achievement of therapeutic goals are key factors in assessing the quality of care. Although there are various instruments that measure these aspects separately, there is no instrument that combines everything in one. That is why the “QUALITOUCH Activity Index” was developed. In addition to these criteria, the "QUALITOUCH Activity Index" records the extent to which pain or discomfort limits individuals in their everyday activities and lives. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the results from the "QUALITOUCH Activity Index" with those from the "Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health 10" ("PROMIS GH") in terms of limitations in everyday life and daily activities, as well as quality of life and limitations in quality of life in patients with musculoskeletal disorders in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. Method: Anonymized data sets from a total of 57 participants were retrospectively evaluated. The "QUALITOUCH Activity Index" was digitally recorded before the first therapy session as part of the treatment-related data collection. The "PROMIS GH" data was collected digitally within the next 24 hours. Data analysis was performed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (rho), Cohen's kappa parallel reliability (convergent validity) and Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency). Results: Anonymized data from 57 volunteer patients (42 females, 15 males; mean age 51.7±12.8 years) recruited in Switzerland and presenting with a wide range of musculoskeletal disorders were available for analysis. The highest Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient (rho = 0.92; p < 0.05) was observed between the item scores “health status” (“QUALITOUCH Activity Index”) and “health status” (“PROMIS GH”). Strong correlations (rho ≥ 0.50) were identified in eight additional item-score comparisons, all statistically significant, including “health status” (“QUALITOUCH Activity Index”) and “quality of life” (“PROMIS GH”) (rho = 0.78, p < 0.001), as well as “maximum pain” (“QUALITOUCH Activity Index”) and “average pain” (“PROMIS GH”) (rho = 0.73, p < 0.001). Parallel reliability demonstrated excellent agreement between the “health status” item (“QUALITOUCH Activity Index”) and the corresponding item (“PROMIS GH”) (κ = 0.94). Three values in the matrix showed squared kappa coefficients above 0.75, while kappa values between 0.40 and 0.75 were observed in six comparisons. Internal consistency of the “QUALITOUCH Activity Index” was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.73) across seven item scores. Conclusion: The partial validation of the "QUALITOUCH Activity Index" against the established "PROMIS GH" suggest that the "QUALITOUCH Activity Index" has the potential to be used as an easy-to-apply instrument in physiotherapeutic practice for patient assessment in everyday life, leisure and work activities.
RECREATION AND REHABILITATION SERVICES: CONTEMPORARY MARKETING APPROACHES TO VALUE CREATION AND WELL-BEING
In the context of increasing social pressures, demographic changes, and growing attention to quality of life, recreation and rehabilitation services are gaining importance as essential components of population well-being systems. However, existing research often addresses marketing in this field in a fragmented manner, focusing primarily on promotion tools rather than on marketing as an integrative value-creation mechanism. The purpose of this article is to provide a theoretical and analytical justification of contemporary marketing approaches to recreation and rehabilitation services and to develop an original conceptual marketing model oriented toward value creation and multidimensional consumer well-being. The research material includes recent academic publications on services marketing, recreation, rehabilitation, and well-being, as well as analytical reports of international organizations. The study employs methods of systematization, comparative analysis, theoretical generalization, and conceptual modeling, drawing on service-dominant logic and transformative service research frameworks. The research results demonstrate that effective development of recreation and rehabilitation services requires a shift from transactional and instrument-based marketing models toward integrated approaches focused on long-term relationships and value co-creation. The findings indicate that combining relationship marketing, experience-oriented marketing, and well-being-oriented concepts enables sustainable outcomes in physical, psychological, and social dimensions of well-being. An original conceptual model of marketing for recreation and rehabilitation services is proposed, illustrating the causal links between marketing determinants, the value creation process, and long-term well-being outcomes. Conclusions. The study substantiates that marketing in the recreation and rehabilitation sector should be regarded as a strategic mechanism for integrating economic efficiency with social development goals. The proposed model provides a methodological basis for designing effective marketing strategies and adapting international best practices to national contexts, particularly in relation to the development of well-being-oriented service systems.
EFFECTIVENESS OF VR THERAPY USING THE VRNOW SIMULATOR FOR PHANTOM LIMB PAIN FOLLOWING LOWER LIMB AMPUTATION
Under conditions of martial law in Ukraine, a marked increase in the incidence of traumatic amputations has been observed, which highlights the urgent need for effective rehabilitation strategies. Military amputees, despite their high motivation to return to an active and meaningful life, frequently experience pronounced pain syndromes, including residual limb pain and phantom limb pain. The intensity and chronicity of pain may substantially limit physical activity, hinder prosthetic training, and adversely affect psycho-emotional well-being. In this context, effective pain management constitutes a key prerequisite for successful rehabilitation, as pain reduction provides the foundation for functional recovery and reintegration into an active lifestyle. Mirror therapy demonstrates limited clinical effectiveness and is associated with a number of anatomical and motivational barriers. Virtual reality is therefore considered an alternative approach to sensorimotor reintegration, offering enhanced feedback and improved patient compliance. Accordingly, investigation of the effectiveness of VR therapy represents a timely and well-justified direction in contemporary rehabilitation science. The objective of the study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of VR therapy using the VRNOW simulator in the management of phantom limb pain in patients following lower limb amputation. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at the Medical Centre “Path to Health” LLC during 2024–2025 and consisted of two 14-day treatment courses. A total of 36 patients after lower limb amputation participated in the study during the third (pre-prosthetic rehabilitation) and fourth (prosthetic rehabilitation) stages of the rehabilitation process. The mean age of the male participants was 41,2±8 years; all patients were military personnel. Transtibial amputations accounted for 63,9% (n=23) of cases, while transfemoral amputations accounted for 36,1% (n=13). Phantom pain dynamics and quality of life were assessed using the Phantom and Stump Pain Questionnaire (PSPQ), the SF-36 Health Survey, and a pain diary. VR therapy using the VRNOW simulator was administered twice daily, with session durations of 20-30 minutes during Stage III and 35-45 minutes during Stage IV, based on an individualised selection of virtual tasks. Results. VR therapy resulted in clinically significant improvements across multiple pain parameters. According to the PSPQ (NRS index), the number of patients with moderate residual limb pain decreased from 22 to 6, while 33,3% of patients (n=12) reported complete pain relief (mean score 1,83±0,28; p≤0,001). A substantial reduction was also observed in the number of patients with persistent phantom limb pain (from 30 to 8), with complete pain resolution reported in 44,4% of cases (n=16; mean score 1,44±0,28; p≤0,001). In addition, a marked decrease in persistent phantom sensations was noted, along with the disappearance of intrusive symptoms. Statistically significant improvements were recorded in most SF-36 domains, with the greatest increase observed in the bodily pain scale (BP +28,4 points; p≤0,001), confirming a pronounced analgesic effect. The increase in the Global Health Index (GHI +12,0 points; p≤0,01) reflects a clinically meaningful transition to a higher level of functioning. Conclusions. The use of VR therapy with the VRNOW simulator in patients after lower limb amputation contributes to the reduction of residual limb pain, phantom limb pain, and phantom sensations through staged sensorimotor stimulation and restoration of neural connections. During Stage III (pre-prosthetic rehabilitation), the application of the Virtual Limb mode, isometric exercises, and virtual interaction with objects facilitates the formation of controlled visuomotor feedback, resulting in reduced pain intensity, attenuation of phantom sensations, and normalisation of perception of the missing limb. During Stage IV (prosthetic rehabilitation), the therapeutic focus shifts towards the restoration of proprioception, gait symmetry, and dynamic balance, which collectively enhance functional capacity and improve quality of life in patients after lower limb amputation.
NHSU STRATEGIC PURCHASING AS A DRIVER OF HUMAN CAPITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE REHABILITATION SYSTEM UNDER MARTIAL LAW
Introduction. Under martial law, Ukraine's rehabilitation sector faces a dual challenge: a rapid increase in demand for recovery services and a critical shortage of qualified personnel. The study aims to analyze the impact of strategic purchasing mechanisms employed by the National Health Service of Ukraine (NHSU) on the transformation of the organizational and human capital capacity of the rehabilitation network. The main goal is to determine how tariff incentives (specifically complexity coefficients) and contracting requirements reshape human capital management strategies, hiring processes, and remuneration. The study tests the hypothesis that the Medical Guarantee Program requirements act as a catalyst for the transition from extensive staff recruitment to the formation of highly qualified multidisciplinary teams. Materials and Methods. This study of human capital in the rehabilitation system is grounded at the intersection of three discourses: the theory of human resource sustainability in conflict zones, contracting as a tool for preserving and developing human capital, and empirical research on professional burnout among multidisciplinary teams. It has been established that it is precisely the NSZU contracts under Package No. 53 that are based on the requirements for forming multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams (MDRT) and standards that modernize the staffing structure of Ukrainian rehabilitation facilities, which has led to the phenomenon of “staffing overheating” and intense competition for specialists. Critical issues of the staffing crisis in the sector have been identified: a structural shortage of narrow specialists, gender imbalance and the mobilization factor, “cannibalization” of staff and regional differentiation, professional burnout, and work intensity. An analysis of the dynamics of funding for rehabilitation care in Ukraine and the Rivne region was conducted. The specific structure of rehabilitation services in the region, which determines staffing strategies, was identified. The activities of the Rivne Regional Clinical Hospital, a public enterprise that adopted a strategy of deep specialization, transforming from a general hospital into a powerful rehabilitation hub, and the phased evolution of its management were analyzed. Key trends in the preservation and development of human capital were identified: strengthening the “clinical core,” reactive reinforcement of the middle management level, and managerial flexibility. It has been established that the National Health Service of Ukraine (NSZU) contracts under Package No. 53 are based on requirements for the formation of multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams. It has been demonstrated that the NSZU’s procurement of medical packages through contracting has triggered a process of internal staff migration from less financially viable hospitals to financially successful centers. It has been established that during the 2023–2025 period, the region’s healthcare system lost 412.85 full-time equivalents (-2.26%), which is associated with migration, mobilization, and network optimization. At the same time, the leading institution’s staff increased by +13.6%. The identified disparities in funding and staffing dynamics align with the logic of the Matthew effect, which in healthcare system studies describes a mechanism of cumulative advantage: institutions with initial financial and organizational capacity are able to accumulate a disproportionately larger volume of resources in the future. In this case, this manifests through the concentration of funding for complex cases (SR1) and the subsequent flow of personnel to financially successful rehabilitation hubs. The example of the leading facility illustrates that the National Health Service of Ukraine’s (NSZU) contracting mechanism acts as an investment multiplier. By receiving funding for complex cases, the leading facility ensured a 43.1% increase in doctors’ salaries and a 25.2% increase for support staff, while at the regional level, nurses’ salaries decreased by 1.9%. High complexity-based rates (SR1) do not merely cover costs but create a resource for human capital development – hiring. Results. It was established that NHSU contracting acted as a regulatory driver for the formation of multidisciplinary teams. The analysis revealed a distinct "concentration effect" (Matthew effect): against the background of a general staff reduction in the region by 2.26% (due to migration and mobilization), the leading facility increased its staff by 13.6%, accumulating human capital. A direct correlation between contracting success and remuneration levels was proven: the leading facility, receiving funding for complex cases, ensured a 43.1% increase in doctors' salaries and a 25.2% increase for nursing staff, while at the regional level, nurses' salaries decreased by 1.9%. This stimulates internal migration of personnel from the periphery to financially successful hubs. Conclusions. NHSU strategic purchasing mechanisms have transformed the financing principle from "money follows the patient" to "money follows the team." High requirements for therapy intensity (3 hours/day) and the presence of narrow specialists create centers of excellence but pose risks of personnel imbalances for peripheral communities. To balance the situation, it is recommended to introduce an "educational coefficient" for hubs training specialists and to implement professional burnout prevention programs.
DENTAL REHABILITATION NEEDS IN PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF CANCER: PERIODONTAL STATUS AND ITS ROLE IN FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY
Improved survival following contemporary cancer therapies has led to an increasing need for long-term medical and dental rehabilitation. Periodontal involvement in patients with a history of cancer may follow a more aggressive course and limit the potential for functional restoration of the dentoalveolar system. Aim. To assess periodontal status and the need for periodontal treatment in patients with a history of cancer (considering exposure to radiotherapy) in order to substantiate approaches to dental rehabilitation. Materials and methods. A clinical screening examination included 200 individuals aged ≥30 years: 110 patients with a history of cancer (Group 1 – 60 after radiotherapy; Group 2 – 50 without radiotherapy) and 90 controls without oncological history. Only patients with clinically confirmed periodontal pathology were included in the final analysis. Periodontal status was assessed using the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) index to determine treatment needs, the Plaque Index (PI) to evaluate oral hygiene, and the PMA index to quantify gingival inflammation. Results. Statistically significant differences between groups were observed for all indices (p<0.05). The most pronounced pathological changes occurred in patients who had undergone radiotherapy. PSR values were 3.22±0.41 in Group 1, 2.84±0.52 in Group 2, and 2.13±0.42 in controls, indicating a substantially greater need for comprehensive periodontal treatment in oncological patients, particularly after radiotherapy. The Plaque Index showed a similar pattern: 2.16±0.32 in Group 1, 1.82±0.34 in Group 2, and 1.24±0.25 in controls, reflecting markedly poorer oral hygiene in patients with a cancer history. PMA values reached 46.55±6.81% in Group 1, 38.42±5.91% in Group 2, and 24.14±4.61% in controls (p<0.05), demonstrating increased inflammatory activity of periodontal tissues, especially after radiotherapy, and indicating a higher risk of progressive periodontal destruction. Overall, these findings suggest a considerable reduction in the periodontal rehabilitation potential in patients with a history of cancer, particularly those exposed to radiotherapy. Conclusions. A history of cancer, and especially radiotherapy, is associated with impaired periodontal status, increased treatment needs, and poorer oral hygiene. The use of standardized indices (PSR, PI, PMA) is appropriate for risk stratification and for planning dental rehabilitation, including prosthetic treatment and implant therapy, in this patient population.
INSTITUTIONAL MODEL OF STATE REGULATION OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE REHABILITATION SECTOR: MECHANISMS AND REGULATORY ARCHITECTURE
The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical justification and develop a conceptual institutional model of state regulation of digital transformation in the rehabilitation sector, integrating legal, financial, and digital infrastructure mechanisms within a unified regulatory architecture. The methodological basis of the study includes institutional, systemic, and structural-functional approaches. The research applies methods of legal analysis of regulatory acts in the field of rehabilitation and healthcare digitalization, comparative analysis of international regulatory approaches to digital health, and conceptual modeling to develop an institutional regulatory model. The study identifies institutional fragmentation in the state regulation of digital transformation in the rehabilitation sector, manifested in the disconnected functioning of legal, financial, and digital infrastructure governance mechanisms. The absence of an integrated coordination mechanism between these components reduces the effectiveness of digital rehabilitation services, complicates inter-level governance coordination, and limits the use of data in decision-making processes. The study develops a conceptual three-level institutional model of state regulation structured across strategic, coordination-infrastructure, and operational levels, forming an integrated management cycle linking regulatory decisions, digital infrastructure, and financing mechanisms. The proposed model ensures synchronization of legal regulation, digital platforms, and funding instruments based on data-driven governance principles and introduces a mechanism of adaptive regulatory adjustment based on analytical data. The study concludes that the implementation of the proposed institutional model enables a transition from fragmented governance to an integrated digital institutional framework in the rehabilitation sector, improves financial transparency, strengthens coordination between governance levels, and creates conditions for the development of telerehabilitation and data-driven healthcare services.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY COMBINED WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR REDUCING PRE-COMPETITION ANXIETY IN ATHLETES
Introduction. The worry before a contest that weighs the mind is a frequent parametric condition that can lead to the psyche losing its good motivation and, in the end, its psychological well-being. The applied and tested psychological methods of preparation fail to demonstrate in full their effectiveness, which, by extension, leads to the employment of integrated approaches, especially those involving cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and some physical activity. Objective. To identify and examine the degree of effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy when combined with physical activity as a tool for anxiety alleviation in sportsmen before competitions. Materials and methods. It was a study of 40 sportspersons, 18–25 years old, divided into 3 groups: experimental (CBT + sports), control 1 (only CBT), and control 2 (no intervention). The anxiety level was evaluated by the STAI (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) method before and after performing the protocol. The schedule lasted for 6 weeks and covered the times for the weekly CBT session (60 min) and moderate-intensity physical exercise (3 times per week for 45 min). Descriptive statistics and Student’s t-test were employed for the data analysis. Results. The results obtained indicate a pronounced positive effect of an eight-week combined programme, which combined cognitive-behavioural therapy and targeted physical training, on the psycho-emotional state of athletes in the experimental group. The levels of anxiety and psycho-emotional state of athletes were determined using the CSAI-2, STAI and Spielberger–Hanin methods. The study results showed a statistically significant decrease in cognitive and somatic anxiety levels by 32,4% and 26,6%, respectively (p < 0.01), indicating an improvement in the participants’ ability to control anxious thoughts and physiological responses to stress. The indicators of situational and personal anxiety decreased significantly – by 25,7% and 12.7% (p < 0.05). At the same time, an increase in self-confidence (+16,0%), the development of volitional qualities (+13,0%) and a general improvement in emotional state (+10,2%) were noted. No statistically significant changes were found in the control group. The results of a one-way ANOVA confirmed the reliability of intergroup differences (p < 0.05), which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed psychological support programme. Conclusions. Putting together cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise is an efficient way to lower the anxiety level of athletes that experience pre-competition nervousness, the effect going beyond that of using only CBT. The results achieved can be applied in sports psychology to not only planning the program of psychological support but also to improving the athlete’s psychological readiness.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTIONS FOR RESTORING LOWER LIMB FUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES CAUSED BY MINE-BLAST INJURIES
Introduction. Mine-blast injuries of the lower limbs, complicated by peripheral neuropathies, are characterized by polystructural damage, a prolonged recovery period, and a high risk of persistent functional limitations. In such patients, the phased organization of physical therapy is of particular importance, as it allows for the coordination of reconstructed nerve protection, gradual mobilization, sensory re-education, and functional loading. Objective. To evaluate the impact of a physical therapy algorithm within an individual rehabilitation program for individuals with peripheral neuropathies caused by mine-blast lower limb injuries on pain and function/activity limitations related to foot condition. Material and Methods. The study involved 40 patients with the consequences of mine-blast lower limb injuries and peripheral neuropathies localized below the knee joint. Patients were divided into the main group (n=19) and the control group (n=21). To assess pain syndrome, functional limitations, and activity levels related to foot condition, the Functional Foot Index (FFI) was used, including subscale analysis of pain, disability, activity limitations, total scores, and the overall FFI percentage (%). Assessments were conducted dynamically under standardized conditions within a rehabilitation department. Statistical processing of the results was performed using comparative analysis methods. Results. According to the FFI indicators, a consistent advantage of the main group over the control group was established. At the intermediate stage of rehabilitation, the main group showed a lower pain level (Me=32.0 vs. 41.0 points; p<0.001) and a better overall FFI (%) (56.5% vs. 76.5%; p<0.001). At the final stage, intergroup differences persisted and intensified: pain was 17.0 vs. 26.0 points, disability was 27.0 vs. 46.0 points (p<0.001), and the FFI (%) was 32.9% vs. 51.2% (p<0.001) in the main and control groups, respectively. The improvement coefficient was also higher in the main group (1.78±0.42 vs. 1.47±0.18; t=2.99; p=0.005), indicating the higher effectiveness of the proposed physical therapy program. Conclusions. The proposed physical therapy program for patients with peripheral neuropathies following mine-blast lower limb injuries at the subacute rehabilitation stage ensures a more pronounced reduction in pain and functional limitations, as well as better recovery of the functional state of the foot according to FFI indicators compared to the standard approach.
FACTORS AND APPROACHES TO RESTORING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN SCHOOLCHILDREN IN THE POST-COVID-19 PERIOD: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
During the COVID-19 pandemic and in the post-pandemic period, the decline in physical activity (PA) among school-age children became more pronounced. It highlighted the need for systematic measures to support physical activity at the school and community levels. This exacerbated the risks to physical and mental health and increased the need for rapid, evidence-based solutions at the education level. At the same time, international and European policy frameworks explicitly emphasize the need to systematically promote Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) as a resource for recovery, resilience, and long-term prevention, particularly in the educational environment. The purpose of the study is to systematically analyse and summarize international experience on effective factors and approaches to increasing physical activity among schoolchildren aged 6–18 during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the post-COVID-19 period, identifying the most promising for adaptation and integration in the current conditions of Ukraine. Research methods. A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol by searching the Scopus database (TITLE-ABS-KEY) for open-access English-language articles for 2021–2024 on approaches to increasing the physical activity of schoolchildren aged 6–18 during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the post-pandemic period. Results. The studies included in the analysis showed that in the post-pandemic (post-COVID-19) period, the recovery of physical activity among schoolchildren is uneven and does not occur automatically. Higher levels of physical activity and more favourable well-being indicators are more often associated with organized school-based forms of physical activity, an emphasis on vigorous physical activities (VPA), social and psychological support, stabilization of daily routines (sleep, reduction of screen time), and outdoor activities. In contrast, digital interventions of an informational nature without components of active involvement and support tend to have a limited effect. Conclusions. To sustainably restore physical activity levels among schoolchildren aged 6–18 during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the easing or lifting of restrictive measures, it is advisable to implement multi-component programs in the school environment. In the post-pandemic (post-COVID-19) period, the recovery of physical activity among schoolchildren is uneven. It is most consistently supported by organized activities in the school environment, social and psychological support, normalization of sleep, and reduction of screen time.
PHYSICAL TRAINING PROGRAM FOR SERVICEMENS CONSCRIPTED UNDER THE «18–24» PROJECT
Introduction. The lack of physical training programs aimed at developing the professional readiness of young servicemen for action in assault units necessitates the improvement of the current training process. This is especially relevant given the requirements for an assault infantry servicemen: endurance, strength, speed, precision, and reliable performance under conditions of limited time and information. Purpose of the study – to substantiate and assess the effectiveness of a physical training program tailored for servicemen conscripted into the Armed Forces of Ukraine under the «18–24» project for successful adaptation to military service. Methods. Theoretical analysis and synthesis of literature sources; questionnaire survey (n =28); pedagogical observation (testing) (n =247); pedagogical experiment (experimental group, n =124; control group, n =126); methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The assessment of general and special physical preparedness of servicemen aged 18–24 revealed low performance in endurance (t = 6,73; p <0,001), speed (t = 2,20; p < 0,05), and strength (t = 2,23; p <0,05). Moreover, 65,6% of participants were unable to perform applied military exercises. Based on the outcomes of professional and physical training for servicemen aged 18–24 assigned to assault units, we identified the knowledge, skills, and competencies required for effective completion of combat tasks. To address these needs, we developed a physical training program tailored for servicemen conscripted under the “18–24” project to meet the demands of military service. The experimental results demonstrated that the implementation of the authors’ program had a positive impact on the development of general physical qualities and specialized skills among servicemen (p <0,05–0,001). The level of professional readiness in the experimental group showed significant improvement in firearms training (t = 2,21; p <0,05) and tactical-special training (t = 2,23; p <0,05). Changes in the control group were observed as well, but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions. The obtained results provide grounds to recommend the authors’ physical training program for servicemen conscripted under the “18–24” project for implementation in the training process of educational centers of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine responsible for preparing specialists for assault units.
NEUROMOTOR PROCESSING SPEED, AGILITY AND VISUAL REACTION TIME AS DETERMINANTS OF PSYCHOMOTOR AND TECHNICAL-TACTICAL PERFORMANCE IN PANKRATION ATHLETES
Background and Study Aim. Pankration is a complex combat sport that requires the integration of multiple psychomotor and cognitive skills. These ones include rapid decision-making, coordination and precise motor execution. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between neuromotor processing speed, agility and lower-limb visual reaction time. It also intended to determine the contribution of these elements to psychomotor and technical-tactical performance in competitive Pankration athletes. Material and methods. Sixteen experienced male elite Pankration athletes (mean age 27.63 years), of national and international level, participated in the study. They had a systematic training program, with 4–5 weekly sessions. Agility and neuromotor processing speed were assessed using the Witty system through a computerized agility task (difficulty level 4). Thus, the total completion time, impulse times, number of impulses and consistency indices were measured. Lower-limb visual reaction time was evaluated with the OptoJump system, recording response times for left and right leg across three trials. Technical-tactical performance was assessed in both training (Kato and Agon-Imiepafis exercises) and competition, based on execution quality, tactical adaptation and official scores. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients to investigate associations between psychomotor and technical-tactical parameters (p < 0.05). Results. Descriptive analysis indicated a relatively stable performance profile. So, the total agility time averaged 26.93 s (CV = 8.40%) and mean lower-limb reaction times were 0.501–0.507 s. Agility showed a significant negative correlation with total Kato scores in training (r = –0.589, p = 0.016). This fact suggests that faster directional changes enhance technical-tactical performance. Neuromotor processing speed and visual reaction time exhibited selective, weaker correlations, acting as complementary factors in specific action phases. Technical-tactical performance was more consistent in Agon-Imiepafis exercises and competitions than in isolated drills. Conclusions. Agility proved to be the most consistent psychomotor determinant of technical-tactical performance in Pankration athletes. Neuromotor processing speed and lower-limb visual reaction time contributed selectively. These findings highlight the importance of integrated training programs. Such programs combine agility development, rapid neural processing and visual reaction exercises to optimize performance in combat sports.
ADAPTATION POTENTIAL OF TOURIST DESTINATIONS IN THE BARRIER-FREE PARADIGM
Introduction. Assessing the adaptive potential of tourist destinations in the barrier-free paradigm involves the ability of tourism systems to integrate the principles of inclusion and accessibility for people with disabilities, the elderly, families with children and other groups with special mobility needs. Barrier-free tourism is not only a social imperative, but also a strategic factor in increasing the competitiveness, sustainability and innovation of tourist destinations. Objective. To conceptualize the concept of "adaptive potential" as a multidimensional category, identify its determinants, and develop a comprehensive model for measuring the level of accessibility in the international dimension. Methods. The methodological framework combines theoretical and empirical approaches, including a critical review of scholarly literature, international standards, and national regulatory frameworks, as well as statistical data obtained from Airbnb, Booking.com, and the World Bank, on the basis of which an economic and mathematical model was developed and tested. Results. For quantitative assessment of an adaptation potential, an economic-mathematical model was proposed, based on principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and data normalization. The model integrates factors of social inclusion, economic and infrastructural characteristics, indicators of living standards, and environmental sustainability, thereby generating an integral index of the adaptation potential of tourist destinations (IAPT). The findings indicate significant differentiation across the countries analyzed. The highest index values were recorded for France (0.743), Sweden (0.740), and Germany (0.727), demonstrating the effectiveness of systemic approaches to barrier-free tourism development, advanced infrastructure, and integration of inclusivity into state policy. Countries with medium adaptation potential include the Netherlands, Finland, Italy, and Spain (0.569–0.691), which show positive progress yet require improvements in transport accessibility and infrastructural balance. Poland (0.291) and the Czech Republic (0.390) display a fragmented adaptation capacity, while Ukraine (0.060) ranks last, reflecting critical insufficiency in infrastructural solutions, the absence of a comprehensive regulatory framework, and limited institutional support. A comparative analysis of more than 50 indicators confirmed a strong correlation between economic development, inclusive social policies, the quality of transport and digital infrastructure, and the ability to create an inclusive tourism environment. The practical significance of the proposed model lies in the fact that it can be applied to domestic tourism at the regional and local levels. The region as a tourist destination has a sufficient number of parameters that can be measured, compared and interpreted through aggregated. Conclusions. The study demonstrates that the adaptation potential of tourist destinations is an integrative category determined by a combination of socio-economic, institutional, infrastructural, and environmental factors. The proposed model provides a scientifically grounded tool for cross-country comparisons and for monitoring inclusivity policies in tourism. For countries with low adaptation potential, priority measures include investments in the modernization of transport and social infrastructure, harmonization of legislation with European standards, and the digitalization of tourism services.
VOLLEYBALL AS A KEY COMPONENT OF ADAPTIVE SPORTS PROGRAMS IN THE SOCIALIZATION OF WAR VETERANS
The article aims to investigate the impact of volleyball (specifically, sitting/adapted volleyball) as a component of adaptive sports programs for the social, physical, and psychological adaptation of war veterans. The materials review of key theoretical approaches and empirical research on the impact of adaptive sports on the quality of life, mental health, and social integration of veterans was conducted. Based on the review, a structured program of adaptive volleyball classes is proposed, as well as criteria for evaluating and monitoring results (physical, psychosocial, functional). The study involved 38 war veterans. 18 war veterans from the city of Rivne – the main group (OG) and 20 war veterans from the Vinnytsia community – the control group (CG).The following research methods were used: literature review, studies with pre- and post-testing, standardized questionnaires for assessing quality of life and psychological state, assessment tools: physical indicators (arm strength test (kg) – dynamometry; endurance test – adapted 6-minute movement test (m); coordination test – “figure 8” in sitting or standing version (s));psychological indicators (PHQ-9 – depressive symptoms, PCL-5 – PTSD symptoms); social integration (social activity scale (0–10 points). Measurements were taken before and after the 12-week program. The results indicate that sitting volleyball is a unified and standardized type of adaptive volleyball with international rules and proven suitability for people with physical injuries (amputees, spinal cord injuries, etc.). Empirical research indicates positive effects of participation in adaptive sports for veterans, particularly in the areas of social integration and mental health. A comprehensive 12-week adaptive volleyball training program was developed, using individual participation trajectories that took into account the level of functional capabilities, existing injuries, psycho-emotional state, and motivational factors – it provided a statistically significant improvement in the physical parameters of veterans. In the EG, a significant increase in arm strength (+6.3 kg; p < 0.01), improvement in aerobic endurance (+70 m; p < 0.01) and increased coordination abilities (–3.5 s; p < 0.01) were recorded. In the CG, changes were minimal and statistically insignificant, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed program. Psychological indicators of the EG participants also demonstrate a pronounced positive effect of the intervention. Depression levels decreased by 6.2 points (p < 0.01), and PTSD symptoms by 14.8 points (p < 0.01). In the CG, similar changes were insignificant and statistically insignificant. Social interaction measures suggest that adaptive volleyball promotes increased social activity, engagement, and a sense of community support. The increase in the EG was +3.2 points (p < 0.01), while there was almost no change in the CG. Conclusions. The totality of the obtained results confirms that adaptive volleyball is an effective tool of multidimensional rehabilitation, as it simultaneously affects the physical, psychoemotional and social components of recovery. It is advisable to use it as a key element of adaptive sports programs for war veterans. The high statistical significance of the obtained results (p < 0.01) indicates the reliability, reproducibility, and practical value of the applied physical impact program.
STRUCTURE OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GAMING SKILLS IN DIGITAL GAME-BASED ACTIVITY AND ADOLESCENT MOTIVATION
Introduction. Digital gaming is one of the leading forms of leisure activity among adolescents and is considered a multidimensional psychosocial phenomenon that affects cognitive processes, behavioral regulation, and health. Contemporary research confirms the significance of motivational mechanisms in shaping gaming behavior, as well as the existence of gender differences in gaming engagement. Furthermore, the structural organization of the relationships between gaming skills and motivational priorities among adolescents remains understudied. The aim is to identify gender differences in adolescents' self-reported gaming skills and to establish the characteristics of the relationships between gaming skills and motivational priorities in the context of digital gaming. Materials and methods. The study involved 156 adolescents aged 15.9 ± 1.4 years (69.2% boys, 30.8% girls). A standardized questionnaire was used to assess gaming skills (game mechanics, tactical thinking, concentration, self-control, communication skills) and motives for gaming (satisfaction, skill development, recognition, etc.). The reliability of the instrument was confirmed by Cronbach's coefficient (α = 0.959). Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. Results. Statistically significant gender differences in the self-reported gaming skills were found: boys rate their own competencies higher on all indicators (p < 0.05), with the greatest differences in “Game Mechanics” and “Concentration.” In addition, girls showed stronger and more systematic correlations between motivational characteristics and gaming skills (ρ = 0.282–0.753), indicating a more integrated motivational-competence structure. In both groups, the leading motive is “enjoyment of the game,” which is most closely related to concentration and self-control. Conclusions. Different models of psychological regulation of digital gaming in adolescents were identified depending on gender: in boys, higher self-esteem of competence dominates, while in girls, a more coordinated system of interrelationships between motivation and skills dominates. The results obtained expand our understanding of the structure of digital gaming and can be used in the development of gender-sensitive psychological support programs and the development of a culture of safe gaming.