ADAPTIVE-COMPENSATORY REACTIONS OF THE ORGANISM OF UNTRAINED ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEART RATE REGULATION TO POWER FITNESS LOAD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2522-1795.2025.19.1.11Keywords:
untrained adolescents, vegetative balance, load modes, autonomous regulation, energy supplyAbstract
The work aims to study adaptive and compensatory reactions of untrained adolescents with different types of heart rate regulation to various power fitness class models. Material and methods. 75 physically healthy untrained adolescents (boys aged 15–16) with identical morphometric body parameters were examined. According to the heart rate variability (HRV) results, they were divided into three groups by type of heart rate regulation: A – normotonic, B – sympathotonic, and C – vagotonic. Methods: an integral method for assessing the quantitative assessment of fitness loads, heart rate variability (HRV), and statistical analysis. The changes in the heart rate spectral analysis in study participants were determined using each of the developed models of power fitness classes. Control measurements were taken during rest and in response to a stressful stimulus sequentially applying each of the developed power fitness class models for study participants. Results. Three modes of power load regimes were developed with a clear gradation in terms of volume and intensity using different energy supply systems. On their basis, three experimental models of power fitness classes for untrained adolescents with various types of heart rhythm regulation were created. The study showed that in response to high-volume power loads in aerobic glycolysis energy supply mode (model 1), sympathetic tone (LF) increased in groups A (+14.2%) and C (+9.7%). In Group B, the influence of autonomic regulation (HF) rose by 6.9%. Using model 2, parasympathetic activity in group A adolescents decreased by 17.8% and C – by 11.5% due to a reduction in the vegetative balance index. Group B participants increased their vegetative balance by 11.9% and the central circuit of sinus rhythm regulation (VLF) by 6.9%. After using model 3, group A representatives had the most pronounced increase in sympathetic tone (LF +14.3%), and a decrease in the influence of autonomic regulation (HF -25.6%). In group C, the vegetative balance shifted towards parasympathetic regulation (LF/HF -26.4%) in response to a stressful stimulus, indicating the activation of short-term adaptation mechanisms. Conclusions. Determining the appropriate type of heart rate regulation based on spectral HRV characteristics allows for developing an effective model of power fitness classes in the shortest possible time. In adolescents with different types of heart rate regulation, depending on the variability of load mode combination and the energy supply mechanism while performing different sets of exercises, the manifestation of adaptive and compensatory reactions to the stimulus will vary.
References
1. Addleman, J., Lackey, N., DeBlauw, J., Hajduczok, A. (2024). Heart Rate Variability Applications in Strength and Conditioning: A Narrative Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 9(2):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020093.
2. Andersen, V., Paulsen, G., Stien, N., Baarholm, M., Seynnes, O., Saeterbakken, A. (2024). Resistance Training With Different Velocity Loss Thresholds Induce Similar Changes in Strength and Hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res. 38(3):e135–e142. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004067.
3. Athanasiou, N., Bogdanis, G., Mastorakos, G. (2023). Endocrine responses of the stress system to different types of exercise. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 24(2):251–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-022-09758-1.
4. Brockmann, L., & Hunt, K. (2023). Heart rate variability changes with respect to time and exercise intensity during heartrate-controlled steady-state treadmill running. Journal of Scientific Reports. 13: 8515. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35717-0.
5. Chernozub, A., Titova, A., Dubachinskiy, O., Bodnar, A., Abramov, K., Minenko, A., Chaban, I. (2018). Integral method of quantitative estimation of load capacity in power fitness depending on the conditions of muscular activity and level of training. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 18(1):217–221. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2018.01028.
6. Chernozub, A., Manolachi, V., Tsos, A., Potop, V., Korobeynikov, G., Manolachi, V., Sherstiuk, L., Zhao, J., Mihaila, I. (2023). Adaptive changes in bodybuilders in conditions of different energy supply modes and intensity of training load regimes using machine and free weight exercises. PeerJ. 11:e14878. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14878.
7. Chernozub, A., Korobeynikov, G., Zoriy, Y., Koval, V., Husieva, I., Hryhoriev, V., Xianyu, W., Khasanov, O., Potop, V. (2024). Mechanism for assessing the adaptive reserves of elite wrestlers under anaerobic energy supply conditions. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 24(9):1072–1079. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2024.09230.
8. Gottschall, J., & Hastings, B. (2023). A comparison of physiological intensity and psychological perceptions during three different group exercise formats. Front Sports Act Living, 5, 1138605. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1138605.
9. Rukstela, A., Lafontant, K., Helms, E., Escalante, G., Phillips, K., Campbell, B. (2023). Bodybuilding Coaching Strategies Meet Evidence-Based Recommendations: A Qualitative Approach. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 8(2):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8020084.
10. Korobeinikova, L., Raab, M., Korobeynikov, G., Pryimakov, O., Kerimov, F., Chernozub, A., Korobeinikova, I., Goncharova, O. (2024). Comparative analysis of psychophysiological state among in physical active and sedentary persons. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 24(2):382–389. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2024.02046.
11. Lacerda, L., Chagas, M., Tourino, F., Martins-Costa, H., Lemes, J., Apolinário-Souza, T., Diniz, R., Lima, F. (2024). Does rest interval between unilateral exercise protocols influences on contralateral neuromuscular responses in untrained individuals? J Bodyw Mov Ther. 37:360–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.11.047.
12. Li, Z., Qi, Y., Chen, X., Li, J., Zhang, J., Li, P., Zhou, Z. (2024). Synergistic Effects of Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training on Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Multivariate and Network Meta-Analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 34(11):e14764. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14764.
13. Liu, X., Li, Q., Lu, F., Zhu, D. (2024). Effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on body composition and metabolic health in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 12:1409660. h t t p s : / / d o i . o rg / 1 0 . 3 3 8 9 / f p u b h . 2 0 2 4 .1409660.
14. Long, C., Ranellone, S., Welch, M. (2024). Strength and Conditioning in the Young Athlete for Long-Term Athletic Development. HSS J. 20(3):444–449. https://doi.org/10.1177/15563316241248445.
15. Yi, L., Wu, J., Yan, B., Wang, Y., Zou, M., Zhang, Y., Li, F., Qiu, J., Girard, O. (2024). Effects of three weeks base training at moderate simulated altitude with or without hypoxic residence on exercise capacity and physiological adaptations in well-trained male runners. PeerJ. 29:12:e17166. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17166. eCollection 2024.
16. Watanabe, D., Jarczok, M., Williams, D., Koenig, J., Thayer, J. (2024). Evaluation of low vagally-mediated heart rate variability as an early marker of depression risk. J Affect Disord. 365:146–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.051.
17. Wu, J., Yang, Y., Yu, H., Li, L., Chen, Y., Sun, Y. (2023). Comparative effectiveness of school-based exercise interventions on physical fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 11:1194779
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
